Wednesday, August 16, 2023

Part 3: Action is His Reward pt 1

 

 “Every time there is a change in the Metaverse, the Multiverse grows. To preserve every era of Superman.”

-Geoff Johns, Doomsday Clock

To understand the implications of that sentiment, we must first understand what, exactly, the Marvel Cinematic Universe[1] is. Previously within this article, we have gone on tangents about related texts via exploring their thematic implications alongside the Spider-Man movies they parallel. However, given the size, scope, and implication of the MCU, it is perhaps best to briefly discuss the individual films that led to Spider-Man’s first appearance in Captain America: Civil War. Which is to say the first two phases of the MCU.

 

The MCU began on May 2, 2008 with the release of Jon Favreau’s Iron Man. A perfectly middle of the road movie that inexplicably kickstarted a new wave in action cinema. Politically speaking, it’s far more mask off than its successors would be. Iron Man actively engages with the Islamophobia of its premise in such a way as to fetishize exterminating those foreign barbarians who couldn’t even speak English properly. Indeed, Obadiah Stane, the ultimate villain of the film, cements his villainy by being the only white person who speaks more than one language. But true villain of the film, as will be emphasized in its direct sequel, are those who would dare limit Tony Stark’s freedoms. Those incompetent scientists who couldn’t do in a high tech lab what Tony did in a cave with a box of scraps. Those government agents who can’t let Tony do his extrajudicial murdering of terrorists and end up harming themselves[2]. Those reporters who have to be fucked straight. That what is essentially a libertarian, if not fascist, wet dream is the starting point for the MCU bodes poorly on what is to come.

 

It continued on June 13th with Louis Leterrier’s The Incredible Hulk. In many regards the template for the MCU going forward: an empty calories set of moving pictures that has only the barest resemblance of cinema. Its ultimate driving function is less silly things like character arcs[3], themes, or visual splendor, and more nostalgia for older properties. Where the MCU at large would opt to have nostalgia for itself, The Incredible Hulk, being the second film within the MCU, has to settle for the 1978 Kenneth Johnson series of the same name[4]. In practice, this serves to erase the only recently critically reappraised 2003 Ang Lee movie, Hulk. This is perhaps best demonstrated by the sheer banality and lack of ambition in the visual storytelling, always depicting what is happening as it happens, in contrast to Lee’s stylized approach to cinematography and scene transition. And while it’s not as flat and uninteresting on a cinematographic level as later films in the MCU[5]The Incredible Hulk remains easily skippable even without the first of many casting changes within the MCU.

 

After this came Iron Man 2, also directed by Favreau and released on May 7, 2010. In many regards the first failure of the MCU[6]Iron Man 2 marks the point where Tony Stark goes even further into his core role within the universe: the man who is always right and fuck you if you think otherwise. Though later films will deemphasize the political implications of this, Iron Man 2 remains shockingly blunt about just what kind of hero Tony Stark is, not the least which helped by a cameo from his modern equivalent: Elon Musk[7]. In many regards, Stark is a romanticized version of Musk. Not in the sense that his worst instincts are hammered out, but rather we’re supposed to love him as he says shit like “I have privatized world peace” and “I don’t care about the liberal agenda any more. It’s boring. Boring. I’m giving you a boring alert.[8]” We’re supposed to align with Tony as he rejects any degree of oversight on the grounds that the rest of the world is decades away from his Iron Man technology. His technology is his and his alone to do with as he pleases[9]. In the words of Jack Graham, Tony Stark is “everything we need to tear down, ruthlessly demolish, trample on and bury, presented to us as the best of humanity.[10]” I could go on into the degrees of contempt the film oozes while failing to deliver upon said contempt in any meaningful way, but then this would stop being a Spider-Man article.

 

As such, let us instead contend with Kenneth Branagh’s debut as an action film director: Thor (released on May 6, 2011). Being the first film within the MCU directed by an actual filmmaker, Branagh brings an air of gravitas and weight to this fish out of water story of a man learning humility. There are actual character arcs and thematic implications. The problem, however, is the core of the film. As is the case with two of the six good films within the MCU[11], Thor deals in the nature of what makes a good king[12]. Politically speaking, this has implications. Around the time the MCU birthed itself into reality, a reactionary philosopher[13] by the name of Curtis Yarvin (working under the pen name Mencius Moldbug) released An Open Letter to Open-Minded Progressives. In it, Moldbug examines the benefits of rejecting modern notions of progressive thought and returning to a monarchy[14]. At around the midpoint of the letter, he, without a shred of irony, suggested that Steve Jobs should be given “undivided control over budget, policy and personnel.[15]” While never explicitly believing in the ideas that would ultimately fuel the attempted coup on January 6th, 2021 and the loss of Roe V Wade, the MCU will, time and time again, feel a pull towards this neoreactionary undercurrent.

 

It is at this point that many will point to Joe Johnston’s Captain America: The First Avenger, released July 22, which places its main hero, the titular Captain America, against literal, actual Nazis. And it’s certainly fair that the Captain America films are among the more liberal aspects of the MCU. However, they all hinge on a nostalgia for the Second World War. How that age was a period of innocence for America, where right was right, wrong was wrong. Everyone knew the Nazis were bad, so that’s why we fought. Said nostalgia, fueled by a 90s full of movies about WWII, ultimately allowed cretins with vile and insidious intents to compare 9/11 to Pearl Harbor. In truth, World War II is full of tales of men—ostensibly on the side against the Nazis— doing horrifying, downright genocidal actions[16]. But for many Americans, “World War 2 is a rollercoaster. Quite exciting and sometimes frightening, but ultimately a very good experience.[17]” In many regards, Captain America: The First Avenger echoes those 90s movies of old. Quoting Christopher Hayes, “The WWII that emerges from accounts of the late ​’90s is one scrubbed clean of its moral complexity. There is no mention of American big business financing the build-up of the Nazi war machine, no America First campaign determined not to shed American blood for European Jews, no firebombing of civilians in Dresden. The war was difficult, yes, and bloody, but pure and just: a battle, not to put too fine a point on it, between good and evil.[18]” Tellingly, Steve’s ultimate motivation for fighting in World War II isn’t the fact that the Jews are being exterminated, an anger at the destruction of Pearl Harbor, or even the desire to look good in front of his lady. It’s because he hates bullies. As the films go on, Steve will present himself as exhibiting traits of many a soldier of his age. “Humble and stoic. Refusing to talk about the war. Personal responsibility. Honesty. All virtues that—like the flag itself—conservatives claim as their own.[19]” In short, the politics of the war are rejected in favor of a vague sense of anti-Americanism. The Nazis are nothing more than another Saturday Morning Cartoon villain[20].

 

Concluding the first of so far four phases of the MCU on May 4, 2012 was the highly anticipated Marvel Studios’ The Avengers[21], directed by Dr. Horrible’s Sing-A-Long Blog’s Joss Whedon. It is here where the MCU cements itself away from any possibility of embracing a liberal (or even neoliberal) identity and firmly embraces every single ideal of post 9/11 conservative propaganda. It is a movie whose main villain, Loki, explicitly hates freedom, does everything in his power to steal freedom from people, leads a faceless horde to destroy one of the great cities of America, and claims to be a God[22]. The film declares superheroes to be soldiers. Big government figures are literally shadowy overlords who have no military experience and whose solutions to problems make things worse, and especially for the soldiers on the streets fighting the evil of the world. It ends with Tony Stark committing a genocide of an entire species before glibly taking the rest of the Avengers out for shawarma. But perhaps most crucially is the very setting of the film’s climax: New York City. In the previous two Iron Man movies, Tony Stark has been demonstrated to be a citizen of Los Angeles. However, for The Avengers, Stark jumped coast to New York City. While it’s plausible that a billionaire, playboy, philanthropist would have houses, apartments, and condos all around the world, there’s something inherently sexy about post-9/11 New York being invaded by an alien army out to take away our freedom. As if the very city was fighting back against this barbaric force. Of course, that would be the case if the MCU generally gave a shit about civilians the way the Sam Rami and Marc Webb Spider-Man films did. Unfortunately, the people exist to either die or be saved. The question of their agency isn’t even considered, let alone rejected. “Humans have absolutely no agency beyond serving as faceless swarms running from one disaster to the next, hoping not to die.[23]” The sole exception is the police, who are told by Captain America to do vaguely helpful shit. Because we need men in uniforms to save us from the evils of the world, be they soldiers or cops. We can’t be trusted to save ourselves. In many regards, this was the inevitable consequence of the Rami Spider-Man movies. The stories of an American Jesus who refused to fight the system, who showed that the people were always subservient to their heroes, was always going to end with the hero siding with the system of power. Becoming explicitly more and more subservient to the way things are. Any challenges to the system are nothing more than rejecting changes to it. Especially if those changes challenge the heroes’ power with oversight.

 

Phase 2 began on May 3, 2013 with the third and final Iron Man film, Iron Man Three, directed by Shane Black. And it would begin with confronting the implications of Tony Stark having committed a mass genocide on an entire species. Or, rather, it’s a movie about confronting Tony almost dying after committing mass genocide on an entire species without ever once acknowledging that Tony committed mass genocide. The film is certainly critical of Tony’s behavior and the politics of the previous Iron Man films. It’s a movie where Tony’s arrogance, ego, and xenophobia are used against him in a plot about a dweebish nerd turned tech mogul who uses a terrorist he designed to gain power and wealth and also treats women as disposable prizes to be owned. It’s certainly one of the more liberal leaning films within the MCU. And yet, it comes off as a half measure. It doesn’t ruminate on Tony Stark’s xenophobia. The conspiracy at the heart of the film has the hawkish President of the United States completely absent from its machinations, save for as a sacrificial lamb to push America into a forever war. His Vice President, who is in on the plan, is only complicit because he wishes to use the technology that the baddies have to heal his crippled daughter. And, you know, the film hinges Tony’s emotional arc on the fact he survived committing mass genocide on an entire species! In some regards, a movie as good and largely liberal as Iron Man Three is more insidious than the previous two more conservative Iron Man films. It sells the modern War on Terror as the product of individuals rather than decades, if not centuries, of cruelty committed by both reactionary conservatives who see America as a shining city on a hill and cool liberals who play the saxophone. As something that can easily be defeated with clear goodies and baddies. Which works for an action movie. And this is a good movie, probably the first one in the entirety of the MCU. Its script is cleverly written, utilizing the narrative substitution form that The Last Jedi would later hone masterfully. It has a charming cast, spectacular and inventive action scenes, and its heart in the right place. In many regards, Iron Man Three presents us with an alternative vision of what the MCU could have been. One where heroism is based not on how many lives you can take, what battles are won, but on what can be fixed. Tony Stark: The Man Who Fixes Things. Alas, it would be a vision that, ultimately, was immediately rejected by the MCU at large[24]. And that rejection highlights the failure of its vision.

 

Alan Taylor’s Thor: The Dark World would come out on November 8 and mark the first movie within the MCU to be solely distributed by the Walt Disney Corporation as opposed to Paramount or Universal.

 

April 4, 2014 would mark the MCU debut of its core directorial voice in the form of Anthony and Joe Russo with Captain America: The Winter Soldier. As a standalone movie, Captain America: The Winter Soldier is a rather lesser (but not terrible or even mediocre) text within the paranoid thriller genre. It explores a conspiracy conducted by a splinter group from the Nazis to basically take over the world via the systems created by America. While this could be read through the lens of presentism as akin to Qanon[25], the film is able to make it abundantly clear that the conspiracy is tied to the Nazis time and time again. The problem comes from the fact that this is a Disney movie. While previous films within the MCU were able to flaunt their reactionary politics freely and with barely a mask to speak of, Captain America: The Winter Soldier opts to avoid the political implications of a reactionary force having taken seats of power within an American institution (and, indeed, several American institutions including congress). As such, the film claims that Hydra, the aforementioned reactionary force, is out to take away freedom from the people. Because freedom gets in the way of absolute control. Further muddying the waters is the fact that one of the agents of Hydra that has been implanted into the government to shape the history of the world to their knees… is Senator Stern from Iron Man 2. For those who don’t remember, Senator Stern was the main person speaking out against Tony Stark for having a weapon of mass destruction 100% under his control. That he has no oversight whatsoever and is free to do whatever he wants with a flying metal suit that can shoot a death beam. This is the man who is revealed to be a Nazi. In essence, this move disavows any and all criticisms laid at the feet of Tony Stark as nothing more than lies told to gain more power. Further emphasizing this is Robert Redford’s Alexander Pierce, a character who is frequently noted as being extremely liberal in his politics such that he rejected the Nobel Peace Prize because “peace isn’t an achievement, but a responsibility” and the fact that they cast Robert Redford to play him[26]. He’s also a Nazi. Outside of the largely conservative vision of the MCU, this could easily be forgiven as a means of playing our expectations against us. But within the MCU, it’s hard not to see this as claiming that liberal politics should be met with suspicion[27]. And, of course, there are two other elements to consider. Firstly, and rather minorly but nevertheless importantly, this is the first MCU movie where the heroes decide to get information out of someone by torturing them. Specifically, they capture a Hydra agent, push him off a building, and make glib remarks about Captain America’s love life while doing it. The second, more crucial aspect of the film’s political aspects lies in the ending of the film. The paranoid thriller genre is often considered one of the bleaker subgenres of thriller. It explores the ways in which our systems are horrific, evil, and functioning perfectly. Often, victory against it is, at best, pyrrhic. To use one relevant example, The Manchurian Candidate explores a conspiracy involving liberal and leftist figures (including an explicit and sympathetic socialist) being assassinated by a mind controlled soldier. While the film initially claims that the responsible party is a group of Russian agents, it ultimately reveals that the true evil behind the assassinations is a conservative figurehead using the power given to them by Russian agents to get themselves into the White House. This alliance is but a stepping stone to greater and greater power, and the conservative villain will sacrifice anything, even their children, for power. Ultimately, the conspiracy is overturned, but at a heavy cost. None of the people responsible will see prison bars and it’s heavily implied that such a fate was never going to happen. And the machine called America keeps churning along. By contrast, Captain America: The Winter Soldier ends with Natasha Romanov, the secondary lead, delivering a monologue about how she’s never going to prison for her crimes because “we helped make [the world a more vulnerable place], but we’re also the ones best qualified to defend it.” This is further emphasized by a montage prior to this speech wherein two minor characters aligned with Captain America are seen doing their part in the good fight… by joining the CIA and agencies in the private sector. In essence, the film hammers in the point that to question the authority of those with power is, at best, naïve. It’s only right to question power when the wrong people are in charge. It is once again a sign that rejecting politics in favor of vague gesturing towards politics will always bend the knee to conservatism and, subsequently, reactionary thought. For what could be more cruel and unjust than a paranoid thriller that declares, “The systems aren't the problem. How people use and exploit the system, that's the problem.”

 

August 1 would see the release of James Gunn’s Hugo Award winning feature, Guardians of the Galaxy. Within the context of this article, there isn’t much to note about the film itself. It very much places itself largely outside of the context of the wider world being both set in space and its sole engagement with Earth culture[28] is in 80s nostalgia. And while there’s a lot to mine out of said nostalgia and its political relevance, the Peter Parker of the MCU is characterized as being very out of step with 80s and 90s nostalgia and so the only way to properly engage with Guardians of the Galaxy through that lens is if I watched Stranger Thingsalongside it[29]. Indeed, the sociopaths that make up the Guardians[30] largely don’t interact with Peter Parker, often spending their time with Thor. But it is worth noting the implications of that Hugo Award it won. In 2013, conservative science fiction writer Larry Correia tried to get his novel Monster Hunter Legion nominated for a Hugo Award. He jokingly referred to this campaign as the Sad Puppies, after the SPCA ad that makes everyone cry. In 2014, Correia tried again with a slightly larger list of nominees to a slightly more successful, but still failed, campaign. Then, 2015 rolls around and things start to get a bit more mask off. Brad Torgersen, another conservative sci-fi writer, contributed a rather unique blog post about the trend of science fiction to favor more progressive politics and that you can’t judge books by their covers anymore[31]. And then there was Teddy Beale. Beale, under the pen name Vox Day, edits for the minor publishing company Castalia House. He is also what you might call an alt-right weirdo who is the sort to live outside of the United States for tax reasons[32]. The sort of fundamentalist Christian who has heard the voice of God and “believes that the best possible thing he can do with his magical genetic access to Divine Truth is to try to disrupt the Hugo Awards.[33]” To this end, he created a splinter cell of the Sad Puppies called the Rabid Puppies, wherein he nominated entire slates of books, editors, and zines for his GamerGate accrued fanbase[34] to hijack the awards with works that fit a more conservative world view. Many of these works were published by Castalia House, including Tom Kratman’s Big Boys Don’t Cry in Best Novella, Beale himself for Best Editor (both Long and Short Form), and six separate Hugos for John C Wright[35], including Best Related Work with Transhumanism and Subhuman: Essays on Science Fiction and Awful Truth[36]. And Day’s campaign turned out to be a massive success, filling the final ballots of five awards with his nominees and having the majority in six others, and ultimately causing a shift in the rules such that the half measure placed as a standby before the real one could start was enough to stop the 2016 campaign from being as successful[37]. Among the ones he got the majority within was Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form. This category was predominantly filled with typical blockbuster cinema such that any pick was a mixture of fascist aesthetics and poison pills[38]. The one that won, which was the sole Puppy win in the entire slate, was Guardians of the Galaxy. That isn’t to say that Guardians of the Galaxy is an inherently fascist or even reactionary film[39]. Like many films in the MCU, it’s more libertarian than anything else. But the saga of the Puppies, both Rabid and Sad, acts as a good barometer for what is to come.

 

The second Avengers movie, Avengers: Age of Ultron, would come out on May 1, 2015 and would be directed by Whedon. In many regards Avengers: Age of Ultron would be overwritten by the movie that would introduce Spider-Man to the MCU. It is, after all, a middle film in a set wherein things get dark and serious and members of the Avengers fuck off for one reason or another. But it’s also… weightless in how it splits them up. A half-measure of a break up rather than the whole thing to come. Of course, there’s one element of note within Avengers: Age of Ultron and that’s Tony’s motivation. In the first act, Tony Stark is given a vision of his failure: the Avengers are dead and the evil alien horde from the end of The Avengers has come to kill humanity. In many regards, it’s a consequence of Iron Man Three failing to actually engage with the whole mass genocide aspect of Tony’s trauma. However, what results from this vision is… Tony deciding to build a weapon that will save the world. A weapon built in his own image that decides the best course of action is to exterminate everyone. Because that is the ultimate endpoint of the genius, billionaire, playboy, philanthropist archetype placed onto Tony Stark, a weapons manufacturer who decided that too many American troops were being killed with his weapons and decided to make a weapon to kill the brown people. It was always going to end up like this. Don’t go worshiping billionaire heroes. They will kill us all[40].

 

You would think Phase 2 would end with another Avengers movie, but it would instead end on July 17 with Peyton Reed’s controversial Ant-Man. Perhaps the most notable aspect of this rather enjoyable, if somewhat disposable, film is the fact that it was supposed to be directed by Edgar Wright. But for… reasons[41], he ended up not making the film. The implications of this cannot be clearer: the nature of the MCU was shifting away from auteur based filmmakers like Branagh, Black, and Gunn and focusing its energies on more journeyman creators. That isn’t to say the later MCU would lack a flavorful spirit[42]. But rather it was beginning to desire a house style.

 

Which leads us, at last, to the beginning of Phase 3 on May 6, 2016 with the Russo Brothers returning to direct Marvel Studios’ Captain America: Civil War.


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[1] Hereon referred to as the MCU.

[2] Be they men in black from an organization with a stupidly long name or Air Force pilots.

[3] Perhaps best highlighted by the decision to change the Hulk not speaking throughout the film until the end to giving him lines where like “LEAVE ME ALONE” and “HULK SMASH” solely, to appease the fans who had always wanted the Hulk to say the things he said in the comics.
ign.com/articles/2008/06/09/exclusive-hulk-director-speaks?page=2

[4] Best highlighted in the sampling of the television series’ leitmotif The Lonely Man by Joe Harnell.

[5] The visual style would, ultimately, take its cues from Jon Favreau’s Iron Man films, even as its ultimate architects would not be Favreau himself.

[6] The Incredible Hulk being too mediocre to be something as notable as a failure.

[7] Bill O’Reilly also cameos because of course he does. Why the fuck wouldn’t one of the men responsible for the mania of post 9/11 America be here. 

[8] This is in regards to his decision not to work on any more clean fuel projects.

[9] Making him not only akin to the Oscorp of the Amazing Spider-Man films, who have world altering technologies just lying around in the background, but also—more aptly—Howard Roark, who destroyed his own building just because someone wanted to add a few safety measures. Oh, and while we’re at it, Stark has access to NSA level spy craft that he uses flippantly, making him even more conservative than Nolan’s Batman, whose archnemesis is a literal anarchist.

[11] Neither of which will be covered in this article, as they postdate Captain America: Civil War, but for the record: Thor: Ragnarok and Black Panther. The other one not to be covered in this article is Guardians of the Galaxy vol. 2.

[12] Specifically, while it’s a faux pas to commit a genocide without a long term plan beyond “And then they’ll all be dead,” a good king would kidnap a baby to make a foreign nation more amenable to his ambitions. Anything’s permissible as long as it’s part of the plan.

[13] The word “philosopher” should be read in much the same way Joshua Norton was an emperor.

[14] It should be noted that said return includes the practice of slavery and how black people make particularly good slaves.
inc.com/tess-townsend/why-it-matters-that-an-obscure-programming-conference-is-hosting-mencius-moldbug.html

[20] In many regards, Captain America highlights the failure of liberal ideas in the popular culture. Liberal thought, in its best form, thrives on specificity. It needs to detail exactly who the enemy is. Otherwise you could end up with a text like They Live where a blatant satire of Reganomics is twisted into antisemitism. More on this when we talk about Captain America: The Winter Soldier.     

[21] Hereon referred to as The Avengers.

[22] And, as Captain America affirms, we all know there’s only one God. 

[24] It should be noted that the central twist that the yellow peril villain The Mandarin is, in fact, a propaganda tool used to justify imperialistic actions for fun and profit was immediately rejected not even one movie later, but in a fucking DVD extra.

[25] What with every single atrocity committed by America being caused by an outside cabal. On the other hand, Eternals basically reveals that the Atom Bomb was created by aliens, so…

[27] Quoting Scout Tafoya, “Patriotism becomes a purity test that prevents studios from ever trying to depict what’s with anything resembling a progressive point of view. And by the time anyone could be in a position to sort through the facts of the Iraq War, there wasn’t a studio in town who would bankroll a movie that was honest about it.” vimeo.com/695987074/e7e748b894

[28] And while talking about its sympathies with the police could yield some results, it’s too minor a point to be relevant. The cops are just another army. Also, depressingly, Ronan the Accuser, while having potential to be interesting in an article on Superhero Cinema in a Post-9/11 world with his contempt for other cultures and using his religion to justify his xenophobia, is simply too dull to engage with in-depth.

[29] No.

[30] Peter Quill literally dances in the opening credits while gleefully kicking small animals to catchy music, Rocket needs to have “the universe is going to end if we do nothing” explained to him as if the obvious reasons why that’s a bad thing aren’t self-evident, Gamora is casually homicidal, Drax gets off on doing horrible things while also not being cognizant of why calling a woman a whore is a bad thing, and Groot is Groot and gleefully homicidal.

[31] “A few decades ago, if you saw a lovely spaceship on a book cover, with a gorgeous planet in the background, you could be pretty sure you were going to get a rousing space adventure featuring starships and distant, amazing worlds. If you saw a barbarian swinging an axe? You were going to get a rousing fantasy epic with broad-chested heroes who slay monsters, and run off with beautiful women. Battle-armored interstellar jump troops shooting up alien invaders? Yup. A gritty military SF war story, where the humans defeat the odds and save the Earth. And so on, and so forth.

 

These days, you can’t be sure.

 

The book has a spaceship on the cover, but is it really going to be a story about space exploration and pioneering derring-do? Or is the story merely about racial prejudice and exploitation, with interplanetary or interstellar trappings?”
bradrtorgersen.blog/2015/02/04/sad-puppies-3-the-unraveling-of-an-unreliable-field/

[32] Or, to be less coy, his dad’s a noted tax evader and the apple probably didn’t fall far from the tree.

[34] Indeed, one could sensibly argue that the Rabid Puppies were one of the many direct to video sequels to Gamergate, alongside Comicsgate, the abuse hurled at Kelly Marie Tran for being a supporting character in a Star Wars movie, and the 2016 Presidential campaign of Donald Trump.

[35] Among his works is Orphans of Chaos, a Harry Potter knock-off that asks the question “Just how many times do we need to rape you, little girl, before you obey?” Sometimes, you write footnotes as revenge for your childhood self.

[37] Though it’s worth noting, if for no other reason than I find it hilarious, that among their poison pill choices was Neil Gaiman and JH Williams III’s Sandman: Overture, which, based on after the fact statistics, was what got it both the nomination and the win.

[38] Which makes one of the non-puppy choices to get nominated (the other being Captain America: The Winter Soldier) interesting. Edge of Tomorrow, for all intents and purposes, is the kind of science fiction that Correia, Torgersen, and Vox Day claim to want. A no-nonsense military story about a man who learns how to be a soldier and defeat an oncoming horde of alien monsters who want to kill all of humanity. I guess Vox Day didn’t care much for Emily Blunt telling Tom Cruise what to do.

[39] It is reactionary, but that’s beside the point.

[40] Also, because I don’t want another 900 word paragraph (see also why I’m not talking about drones… yet), the Maximoff twins are very much in the villainous mold of misguided leftists who need to understand that American imperialism knows what’s best for them.

[42] Black PantherThor: Ragnarok, and the episodes of Moon Knight directed by Moorhead/Benson prove that if nothing else.

Wednesday, August 9, 2023

Part 2: An Emissary From Hell

 

“It is the duty of the citizen to serve the polity. Without the duty of the citizen, the polity reverts to totalitarianism. The disintegration of participation, the negation of responsibility and thinking, are the seeds from which evil grows. The end of the conversation between the citizen and his government is equivalent to the end of the conversation between man and himself.”

-Tom King, Rorschach 

When trying to understand power, it’s equally worth looking around for the also rans. The failures that point in a different direction than what ultimately won out. The power of monsters is often revealed through examining the corpses of those its murdered. Be it the claw marks of a lion, the hickeys of a shark, or the scars of a serial killer, one can see the nature of the enemy within the dead.

 

To that end, we must consider The Amazing Spider-Man duology. In terms of individual texts they are rather minor footnotes in the grand scheme of things. The first one was the first Superhero movie released during the immediate high of the post-The Avengers age, right before the most anticipated sequel of the year, The Dark Knight Rises, so it wasn’t going to do well in terms of cinematic comparisons. Quality wise, the first Amazing Spider-Man is about as good as an above average MCU film[1] while its sequel is a hot mess full of ideas that it never quite develops enough to make work, yet is charming enough in every other area to get away with a lack of coherence and the drab decision to kill off Gwen Stacy. As with all hot messes, however, it’s useful in order to examine what could have been.

 

For our purposes, it’s perhaps best to start with the police. In the wake of 9/11, the police utilized a mixture of public good will at the sight of Police Officers in their dorky outfits[2] pulling people out of the wreckage of the World Trade Center as a means to increase their budgets[3]. Historically, the police have utilized these budget increases to purchase more militaristic weaponry from machine guns to tanks in order to improve their job of keeping the peace.

 

It is certainly easy to make a parallel between the police and the costumed superhero. Both are invested in sustaining a status quo wherein the systems currently in place remain in place, be the threat to said systems be a bank robber shooting up the streets, an anarchist out to overthrow the system, or an unarmed black man with breathing difficulties. While the superhero has often avoided the worst excesses of police brutality, that brutality can nevertheless be seen within the genre.

 

It should be noted, however, that the superhero is not inherently an agent of the status quo. While certainly an extremely popular take on the archetype, the superhero can, in theory, be a figure aligned with overthrowing the status quo. Superman famously took down both Hitler and Stalin as well as the Klu Klux Klan at a time where being opposed to both institutions of power was unpopular. Equally, there’s the Occupy Wall Street movement, which took to the streets wearing Guy Fawkes masks (as inspired by the superhero movie V for Vendetta).

 

And, of course, there’s The Amazing Spider-Man 2. While the films never explicitly go out of their way to condemn the police as an outright fascist organization, throughout the film they are portrayed as, at best, passively aiding Spider-Man in dealing with the various criminal elements. However, this isn’t how they behave throughout the majority of the film. Rather, the police within The Amazing Spider-Man 2 are shown to frequently escalate situations via shooting everything that moves.

 

In one truly shocking sequence (that the film is woefully ill prepared to deal with the full implications of), we see Electro (played by Jamie Foxx), confused and disoriented, doing something weird to the electrical system of Time Square. A passing by police officer, upon seeing Electro, request he step away from the electrical wiring. Electro, dressed in a hoodie, looks up at the police officer, who immediately responds by pulling his gun on the unarmed black man.


The scene of an unarmed black man having a gun pulled on him for no other reason than the officer was “scared” is a familiar one within the post 9/11 American landscape[4]. There are a number of ways in which this scene is defanged. The officer in question is portrayed by a black man and Electro, in that moment, looks a bit freaky. But the moment nevertheless strikes a chord with an era that, only two months later, would see four police officers hold Eric Garner down on the ground (one of whom holding Garner in a chokehold) while he cried “I can’t breathe” before dying.

 

But even outside of this moment, the police frequently escalate a situation via shooting at whatever threats come their way. By contrast, Spider-Man is shown frequently attempting to deescalate situations. The most obvious case for this is what follows with Electro being shot at by the police in Time Square. Spider-Man sees Max Dillon is frightened and confused and tries to talk him down from what is blatantly a nervous breakdown brought about by overstimulation. He uses a previous encounter he had with Max to help calm him down. Even when he’s committed violence against the police after they shot him for moving funny, Spider-Man still attempts to deescalate the situation until it gets to a point where he has to use violence against Electro.

 

And yet, even when Electro goes full “I’M GOING TO KILL THE LIGHT! SO EVERYONE IN THIS CITY WILL KNOW HOW IT FEELS TO LIVE IN MY WORLD! A WORLD WITHOUT POWER! A WORLD WITHOUT MERCY! A WORLD WITHOUT SPIDER-MAN!” supervillainy, Spider-Man still attempts to deescalate the situation. Likewise, Spider-Man portrays this same degree of de-escalation with his other baddies like The Green Goblin[5]. Indeed, violence within the films is portrayed as, to some degree, a failure state for Spider-Man. In the first Amazing Spider-Man film, Peter spends the first act of the film punching his way through random car thieves to find the man who killed his Uncle Ben[6]. However, the films are apt to point out that this mode of Spider-Man is actually not that great. They’re the reactions of a someone who is less interested in fighting for the little guy and more interested in punching people. In many regards, this (along with the conflicted relationship with the police[7]) acts as a contrast with what is quite possibly the most important superhero franchise to understand post-9/11 America: Christopher Nolan’s Batman Trilogy.

 

In the history of the superhero concept, there has been an insidious ebb towards fascism. While anti-fascist creators such as Jack Kirby, Alan Moore, and Ram V have done weird and interesting things with the medium, the majority of lasting takes on the medium opt for a more conservative, fascist take on the field. And nowhere is this more apparent than in Batman. While many runs (including ones by Grant Morrison and Tom King) have attempted to confront the fascist bug, their ideas have, ultimately, been rejected and discarded in favor of more authoritarian takes from creators like Frank Miller or Chuck Dixon. And, of course, Christopher Nolan

 

Consider The Joker. Within the framework of The Dark Knight, The Joker is an evil leftist out to uproot the systems of corruption within Gotham that created an environment that allowed a figure like Batman to be necessary. He talks about disrupting a cruel “natural order” that sees working class people like soldiers and gang bangers being murdered as a banal reality of life whereas, when similar events happen to politicians and decision makers, it’s deemed a tragedy.

 

And, perhaps most shockingly, The Joker is never once portrayed as being disingenuous about his desires for a better world[8]. By contrast, the following film’s Bane (heavily utilizing Occupy Wall Street rhetoric) is shown to be a sham leftist out to kill everyone due to the world being too “degenerate” for his sensibilities. To combat these threats, we have an interpretation of Batman who can best be described as the conservative wet dream.

 

He frequently uses his fists, threats of violence, outright torture, and NSA level spy craft to combat his foes. He is a detective in the model of Robert Aldrich’s Mike Hammer: A thug whose only response to the problems of the world is violence, and frequently violence against women. To say nothing of the racialized contempt the films have for various Middle Eastern cultures such that Liam Neeson plays the yellow peril villain Ra’s Al Ghul and has the tragic hero Harvey Dent make a quip about buying American[9] in his introductory scene. Not to mention how the film villainizes the people of Gotham once the chips are truly down. At the climax of The Dark Knight, we have a contrived scene where two boats are given detonators for the bombs on the other boats. In an uncharacteristically sentimental move on Nolan’s part, both boats decide not to blow up the other boat.

 

And then, in The Dark Knight Rises, the people of Gotham, freed from the chains of Western civilization, opted to burn everything and everyone for their own pleasure. The only people who stand up to violence and looting are the police leading to a climax with, in what is perhaps one of the most blatant “DO YOU GET THE FUCKING POINT” moments in cinematic history, a war between the heavily armed working class people and the unarmed, ill-equipped police acting as a backdrop.


All of this is in service to the core question at the heart of the trilogy: What is the cause of everything wrong with the world? Why are we in a downward spiral towards decay and horror? Why are there more homeless people on the streets than before? Why is there more crime? Why don’t I feel safe anymore? Why is Batman necessary?

 

The answer, unsurprisingly given the films’ conservative bent, is because there are forces outside the world you know. Evil foreign powers from vaguely middle eastern lands. Anarchistic dissidents who want to take away your freedoms[10]. Bureaucracy and “rights” that get in the way of justice being served. And that’s not even getting into the people. The people, the films ultimately argue, are one step away from becoming the monstrous horde the police fear them of being and the baddies see them as being. Without an authoritarian fascist like Batman, a man who must come from the City rather than from outside of it, the people would eat each other.

 

In many regards, the Amazing Spider-Man films act as an alternative both to the heroism of the Dark Knight and the political implications therein. To start with, there’s the nature of the people. In what is perhaps the defining moment of heroism within the Amazing Spider-Man films, Spider-Man descends into a car that is about to explode to rescue a single kid. The kid is terrified, so Peter removes his mask to calm the kid down. When things start to get really hairy, Peter gives the kid the mask as a means of letting him feel safe. He then saves the kid.

 

This act of kindness is returned by the kid’s father opting to help Spider-Man in the climax of the film. He organizes his fellow construction workers to create a path of cranes to guide Spider-Man towards the main baddie. Is the moment cheesy? Yes, obviously. But it nevertheless highlights a vision of heroism of these films. A vision outside of police and authoritarianism: that of the rescue hero.

 

Further rejecting the Nolan vision of the world is the ending of The Amazing Spider-Man 2. Here, we have a scene reminiscent of the train sequence from Spider-Man 2 where an ordinary person confronts a mechanized monster out to hurt everyone. Where in that movie, the people where tossed aside like nothing, here we have one person stand up to the baddie: a small boy named Jorge, whom Spider-Man had defended from bullies earlier in the film. Dressed as Spider-Man, Jorge stands up to the baddie. We know how this is going to end, we know the only way this could end: Jorge is going to die.

 

But the film never once undercuts this moment. It never rejects the heroism of Jorge as any lesser than the heroism of Spider-Man for the sake of a joke. Indeed, the film’s ultimate argument is that both are worthy heroisms. It doesn’t matter if it’s a stupid and pointless gesture, if it’s ultimately going to end with the baddie coming out on top and you dead[11]. As long as you tried to fight against the bastards of the world, your heroism is worth it. Indeed, it will be rewarded in kind. Because attempting to make the world a better place, ultimately, is a worthwhile endeavor.

 

But perhaps the ultimate aspect that contrasts the two visions of superheroism is their choice of main antagonist for their whole series. For the Nolan Batman films, the antagonist is a foreign power out to destroy our freedoms. (Be that foreign power from the Middle East or simply outside the walls of Gotham.) For the Amazing Spider-Man films, it’s a corporation utilizing tech for admittedly vaguely defined reasons. Throughout the films, there is a conspiracy related to the death of Peter’s parents that the films are ostensibly interested in[12]. In practice, however, they are a secondary interest to the films, often discarded in favor of other things.

 

(The core interest of the films is, of course, the relationship between Peter Parker and Gwen Stacy. Andrew Garfield and Emma Stone both do wonders with characters who, at times, aren’t written with depth so much as archetypes. However, as a consequence, the films uncritically regurgitate harmful tropes regarding the romantic comedy genre, most particularly the stalking as a form of romance trope.

 

This is something it shares with the notable work of superhero fiction within the romantic comedy genre: Dr. Horrible’s Sing-A-Long Blog[13]. In many regards, Dr. Horrible is what the Amazing Spider-Man films would be like if they lacked the charm, competence, and ethics that make them interesting. Directed by Joss Whedon, Dr. Horrible is a movie about a wannabe supervillain who loves the girlfriend of a superhero. Throughout the film, the main love interest, Penny, is treated like a naive little girl who doesn’t understand the complexities of the world and must be protected from the Alpha males who will make her do uncomfortable sex stuff. [Felicia Day, god bless her, tries her best with the role, but can’t salvage it.] It’s up to Beta males who are just nice guys out to conquer the world because superheroes are mean, nasty bullies [Neil Patrick Harris is simply too charismatic to be capable of making this guy work and Nathan Fillion is shockingly inept at playing the boorish, smarmy asshole jock he has often done in his sleep.]

 

Women are slabs of meat to be fought over, to mourn for. But they are never people. They don’t have interiority [not that any of the important people care] because that would make them more than the willowing waifs who were taken to early from this wretched world of ours. Their role isn’t to make things better with protests and petitions and soup kitchens, it’s to die while the important people feel bad about it and justify their cruelty. There is a degree of awareness of the cruelty of this portrayal of women but it never extends to Dr. Horrible, who is framed as a shy, nebbish stalker who loved Penny. 

 

In contrast, the Amazing Spider-Man films [though more so The Amazing Spider-Man 2] portray Gwen as an actual character with agency and opinions. The romance feels genuine and the awkwardness between the two works in a way that doesn’t undercut the film for the sake of explaining a joke[14]. There’s a quick wit and comradery shared between them not often seen outside of a screwball romance. It’s refreshing and lovely, even as the film opts for the boring choice of killing Gwen for pathos. But even there, the film rejects the Dr. Horrible [and, yes, Nolan Batman] model that the death is merely for the sake of male angst. It still is, but, as discussed earlier, its core is about the role of heroism. It is Gwen’s words of the fleeting nature of life that acts as the film’s core thesis on heroism. Do what you can to make the world better, for we don’t have much time within it. It doesn’t detract from the criticism that killing Gwen Stacy is a cheap and boring move, but it’s at least more than what Joss Whedon gave Penny.)

 

They do, however, provide an interesting transition to the final section of this piece and specifically in the face who ultimately represents Oscorp stands for: Mr. Fiers. Mr. Fiers is an… interesting character. Or, rather, an interesting presence within these films. He appears in two scenes that act oddly within the context of their respective films, yet reveal so much about the core of the Amazing Spider-Man films. More than that, it provides us with the power that fuels the horror of the post 9/11 age of superheroes.

 

The first scene with Mr. Fiers, on a purely cinematic one, is strange. On a script level, it’s a basic sequence of a mysterious man confronting a familiar character (Dr. Curt Conners) about a conspiracy they’re both aware of, threatening Curt to make sure he doesn’t reveal the conspiracy to Peter Parker. However, it’s the way it’s shot and edited that makes things interesting.


Throughout the film, Marc Webb opts to use primarily wide and medium shots (usually with longer takes) to depict the action at hand. Here, however, Webb opts to use short takes and extreme close ups, causing editors Alan Edward Bell and Pietro Scalia to use a rather disjointed editing style. But perhaps the moment that shifts this away from a quickly hashed out, last minute attempt at hooking the audience in for a sequel and towards something brilliant with implications so vast, one wishes we got The Amazing Spider-Man 3 is this: on a Dark and Stormy Night, Mr. Fiers (pronounced Fears) comes out from the shadows and then leaves. But he doesn’t step back into the shadows like the panto baddie he is. No, no. Instead, the filmmakers opt to make the most brilliant decision they could with such a character: he’s edited out of the shot.

 

Throughout the Amazing Spider-Man films, there’s a degree to which cinema is a part of what it is. Peter evokes various trickster characters from cinema from physicality of Buster Keaton to the slapstick intention of Jerry the Mouse to the hammerspace abilities of Bugs Bunny. He is shown via background decorations to be an avid fan of the cinematic arts[15]. And he feels as if he’s come out of a Screwball comedy with the quick wit and charm he oozes throughout. As such, it’s perhaps befitting that the main antagonist is also a creature of cinema.

 

But more than that… Mr. Fiers is an empty suit. There’s nothing underneath the hat and trench coat that denotes a person. He is constantly draped in shadows, even if it’s impossible for there to be shadows. He is less a man and more a physical embodiment of capitalistic excess and greed[16]. Tellingly, he’s not even named until the next movie, and even then only the name “Mr. Fiers” is provided. For he is not a character at all. He is a symbol for the monstrosity at the heart of the Amazing Spider-Man films, that which this take on Peter Parker is inherently opposed to. That which must be fought.

 

It’s the second scene he appears in that reveals the game away. As a text released in the peak of the modern age of blockbuster cinema, The Amazing Spider-Man 2 was required to gesture towards franchise building. Contrary to many critiques of the film, it’s approach was rather akin to earlier pieces of superhero fiction where a minor character played by an interesting actor who could come back (or not) gets named after a comic book character, regardless of how well they fit[17].

 

That is, until the end of the film wherein Mr. Fiers walks past a bunch of suits for potential supervillains. This sequence advertises the potential villains to come in future Spider-Man films so the audience will come marvel at the sheer spectacle of these films. Here’s Dr. Octopus, there’s The Vulture, who else will come next? Black Cat? Alistair Smythe and his Spider-Slayers? Kraven the Hunter? Morbius, perhaps?

 

And it is here we find the main horror at the heart of it all, the potential villain of the doomed franchise revealed. A villain who uses pointless violence and cruelty, the spectacle of watching the world turn to ash as justification of its own existence. A being whose political ambitions veer conservative, even as it frames itself as apolitical. Who sees the great technologies of the world not as a means of creating a better world, but as one of self fulfilment, self-betterment. A capitalistic monster who destroys everything in its wake solely for the sake of gaining more and more power.

 

In short, the main antagonist of the Amazing Spider-Man films is the Marvel Cinematic Universe.


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[1] Think Captain America: The First Avenger or Ant-Man.

[2] Much like the superhero, the uniform of the average police officer has an air ubiquity and dorkiness that allows for easy queering of the design. Perhaps most tellingly with regards to the relationship between Superheroes and law enforcement is the fact that, upon attempting a redesign to look less stupid, the police opted for something more militaristic and increased the number of pouches they wore.

[4] And, indeed, the pre-9/11 American Landscape. As activist Derrick Ingram notes in response to the police “mistaking” him for a terrorist, “We’ve created a monster that’s kind of always existed within America, but we’ve given that monster — because of 9/11, because of other terrorist attacks and things that have happened — unquestionable, unchecked power.”
nytimes.com/2021/09/08/nyregion/nypd-9-11-police-surveillance.html

[5] An interesting digression for where Spider-Man cinema ultimately goes: there’s a degree of confliction when it comes with sympathizing with Harry Osborn. On the one hand, The Amazing Spider-Man 2 deftly creates a close relationship between the two despite it never once being built up within the previous film. On the other hand, there’s a degree of toxicity with how Dane DeHaan plays Harry, essentially a first draft performance of Lockhart in the grotty anti-capitalist text A Cure for Wellness. The Amazing Spider-Manfilms likewise view billionaire playboys with a degree of suspicion, but always to some degree halfcocked. Gesturing at anticapitalism rather than embracing it. 

[6] Intriguingly, though never developed, Peter’s various obsessions (from the man who killed Ben Parker to the conspiracy that acts as a half-hearted throughline of the film to his romance with Gwen Stacy) is portrayed less like an obsession and more like a hyperfixation. 

[7] Of the two, The Amazing Spider-Man treats the police as a more neutral entity, something initially antagonistic to Spider-Man, though ultimately aligned with him by the end. Willing to investigate strange occurrences within the city rather than leaving then just blaming hip hop and ultimately teaming up with Spider-Man (albeit grudgingly). There is, however, an extremely tantalizing line which introduces the semi-antagonistic Captain George Stacy, wherein he says of Spider-Man, “He’s not a vigilante, he’s an anarchist.”

[8] No doubt due to the untimely death of actor Heath Ledger. One can easily see a version of The Dark Knight Rises that has The Joker in the Bane role.

[9] For those unfamiliar with the concept, or have simply forgotten, in the wake of 9/11, the discourse often pushed a nationalistic messaging that emphasized the American nature of products as being superior to their non-American counterparts. This is most obvious in the phrase “Freedom Fries,” but can also be seen in the desire for products to be Made in America.

[10] As David Graeber notes in The Utopia of Rules, “Nolan’s villains are always anarchists. But they’re also always very peculiar anarchists, of a sort that seem to exist only in the filmmaker’s imagination: anarchists who believe that human nature is fundamentally evil and corrupt.” (222)

[11] This is especially telling in a movie that makes the extremely drab choice of killing Gwen Stacy.

[12] Were the films more interested in this conspiracy, it would be prudent to explore the ramifications of having 9/11 truther Roberto Orci as a co-writer of the second one. Though it’s worth noting that Peter’s parents were killed due to Richard Parker not wanting anything to do with a plan to sell his work as a weapon to a foreign power.

[13] If you think I’m going to watch My Super Ex-Girlfriend again, go fuck yourself.

[14] For all that it’s become a meme, “The hammer is my penis” doesn’t work in the context of the film.

[15] And, pleasingly, David Bowie during his Berlin period.

[16] Tellingly, one of the steps that led Harry Osborn down the route of villainy was his fellow Oscorp executives working to oust Harry from the corporation in the name of a power grab to increase their profits. Like I said, first draft for A Cure for Wellness.

[17] This becomes most unfortunate when it comes to the minor character of Dr. Ashley Kafka. Originating from JM DeMatteis’ Spider-Man work, Dr. Kafka was a female therapist based on a friend of DeMatteis who acted as the moral center of that era of Spider-Man. In The Amazing Spider-Man 2, Dr. Kafka is a German mad scientist out to torture Electro purely for his “scientific curiosity.”